Phytopathology 104, S3.7.Īlvarez E, Betancourth C, Muñoz J (2017) Pathogenicity of a 16SrIII-L phytoplasma associated with frogskin disease of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Colombia. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 3, 77–81.Īlvarez E, Pardo JM, Truke MJ (2014) Detection and identification of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’-related phytoplasma associated with a witches’ broom disease of cassava in Cambodia. CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 258–304 pp.Īlvarez E, Pardo JM, Mejía JF, Bertaccini A, Thanh HD, Hoat TX (2013) Detection and identification of a 16SrI group phytoplasma associated with witches’ broom disease of cassava in Vietnam.
Vector td tips the frog manual#
In: The cassava handbook: a reference manual based on the Asian regional cassava training course. Phytopathology 100, S5.Īlvarez E, Llano GA, Mejía JF (2012) Cassava diseases in Latin America, Africa and Asia. Plant Disease 93, 1139–1145.Īlvarez E, Mejía JF, Pardo JM (2010) Development of a real-time PCR assay, to detect and quantify a 16SrIII-L phytoplasma associated with cassava frogskin disease (CFSD). Phytopathology 93, S4.Īlvarez E, Mejía JF, Llano G, Loke J, Calari A, Duduk B, Bertaccini A (2009) Detection and molecular characterization of phytoplasmas associated with frogskin disease in cassava. Accessed 9 October 2016.Īlvarez E, Mejia JF, Loke JB, Hernández L, Llano GA (2003) Detecting the phytoplasma frogskin disease association in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Colombia. Plant Pathology 50, 628–636.Īlvarez E, Betancourth CA (2016) Transmission of a 16SrIII-L phytoplasma by leafhoppers ( Scaphytopius marginelineatus) to cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Colombia. KeywordsĪljanabi SM, Parmessur Y, Moutia Y, Saumtally S, Dookun A (2001) Further evidence of the association of a phytoplasma and a virus with yellow leaf syndrome in sugarcane. Here the progress made in understanding biology, economic importance, symptomatology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and control of phytoplasmas infecting sugarcane, sugar beet, cassava, and cotton crops are summarized. Because of unreliable and nonspecific symptoms, the identification and characterization of the phytoplasmas associated with these and other industrial crops at an early stage of plant growth are challenging.
Vector td tips the frog skin#
In cassava, the two phytoplasma diseases causing serious yield losses are cassava frog skin in Latin America and cassava witches’ broom in Asia. Originally restricted to Asian countries, they are spreading rapidly to newer locations with the help of infected seed material and leafhopper vectors. A number of phytoplasma diseases are associated with sugarcane. Phytoplasmas are associated with diseases in several hundred plant species, including many economically important industrial crops like sugarcane, sugar beet, cassava, and cotton.
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